Weight training is an effective tool for improving or maintaining strength, endurance, and overall fitness. It involves controlled movements of skeletal muscle in an effort to move an external load. This can be accomplished by using machines, free-weights, and exercises involving body weight. Individuals participating in a weight training program can expect improvement in body tone and strength. Incorporating a weight training program as part of a complete fitness plan will contribute to increased weight loss/control, balance and coordination, and a better overall sense of well-being.

ADAPTATIONS

A number of physiological adaptations occur at the onset of a weight training program. Initial strength gains are primarily due to neural adaptations as the body learns to synchronize nervous impulses and activate various muscle fibers in an effort to maximize force production. Muscle recruitment patterns are improved as synergistic muscle groups contribute contractile efforts to movement. Thus, strength gains achieved during the beginning of a training program are largely a reflection of the body's ability to learn how to weight lift.

• Overload Principle: Increasing resistance through a series of training sessions effectively overloads muscle. The body responds to this progressive stress by creating more muscle to handle the additional workload. As one continues through a progression of overloading muscles, strength gains due to hypertrophy will start to occur.
• Weight Loss: Do not expect localized fat reductions from focused workouts, i.e. abdominal crunches will not necessarily metabolize fat from the abdominal area. Energy during a workout is obtained from available sources throughout the body. The key is creating an energy imbalance with caloric expenditure exceeding caloric intake. Fat will slowly disappear through dedication and commitment.
• Individual Differences: It is important to remember that each individual will respond in their own unique way to a training program. Physiological changes are limited by genetic disposition and applied effort. It should be noted that women do not typically achieve bulky muscle. Rather, they can expect a leaner body due to greater fat loss with respect to muscle gain.

Additional Resources:
http://www.exrx.net

Assignments

• Read: Program Plan Design
• Turn in a completed Program Template.
• Additional Resources:
  - Muscle and Exercise Directory
  - Adobe Reader

Articles

1. Strength Training Fundamentals
• Basic Principles of Strength Training and Conditioning
• Strength, Size, or Power?
• Muscle Fiber Types
2. Resistance Training
• Building Strength Safely
• Women and Resistance Training
3. Resistance Training and Injury Prevention
4. Strength Training for Bone, Muscle, and Hormones
5. Exercise Safely
• Exercise Right: Proper Warmup and Cool Down
• Common Injuries: How to Work Around Them
6. Nutrition
• The Importance of All Meals
7. Workout Log Template

Weight Training Tips

• Maintain proper nutrition and stay hydrated
• Warm-up prior to exercise
• Perform exercises through full range of motion
• Use relatively light weights with new exercises
• Add more weight if you can perform two or more repetitions beyond repetition goal for two consecutive workouts
• Sequence from larger to smaller muscle groups during exercise
• Exercise your entire body

Common Mistakes in the Gym

• Unbalanced weight-training programs
• Bad form
• Overtraining
• Not adjusting machines to body size
• Not focusing on workout
• Poor gym etiquette
• Unrealistic goals